In a dramatic move aimed at ending the ongoing war in Ukraine, former US President Donald Trump has unveiled a comprehensive 28-point peace proposal. The plan, which reportedly involved extensive discussions with both Russia and Ukrainian officials, has raised eyebrows on all sides of the conflict. The proposal lays out terms for territorial changes, security guarantees and a path toward reconstruction.

Here are the 28 points from the draft agreement:

1. Ukraine’s Sovereignty Confirmed
   Ukraine’s sovereignty will remain intact, with Russia acknowledging Ukraine’s independence while agreeing to specific territorial changes.
2. Non-Aggression Agreement
   A comprehensive non-aggression agreement will be established between Russia, Ukraine and Europe, settling disputes from the past 30 years.
3. Russia’s Non-Invasion Commitment
   Russia will not invade neighboring countries, and NATO will cease its expansion beyond its current borders.
4. Russia-NATO Dialogue
   A dialogue between Russia and NATO will be mediated by the United States to address security concerns and foster cooperation.
5. Security Guarantees for Ukraine
   Ukraine will receive reliable security guarantees, though the specifics of these guarantees remain unclear.
6. Reduction of Ukrainian Armed Forces
   Ukraine’s military will be limited to 600,000 personnel, a significant reduction compared to its current forces.
7. No NATO Membership for Ukraine
   Ukraine will enshrine in its constitution that it will not join NATO, with NATO agreeing to prevent Ukraine’s future membership.
8. No NATO Troops in Ukraine
   NATO will agree not to station any troops on Ukrainian soil.
9. European Fighter Jets in Poland
   European fighter jets will be stationed in Poland as a deterrent against future aggression.
10. US Security Guarantee
    The US will provide a security guarantee to Ukraine, with specific conditions:
    • If Ukraine invades Russia, the guarantee will be revoked.
    • If Russia invades Ukraine, sanctions will be reinstated and military responses will be coordinated.
    • If Ukraine attacks Russian cities without cause, the guarantee will be invalidated.
11. EU Membership for Ukraine
    Ukraine will be eligible for EU membership and receive preferential access to the European market while this issue is under consideration.
12. Global Reconstruction Package
    A comprehensive plan to rebuild Ukraine will be implemented, including investments in technology, gas infrastructure and war-affected regions.
13. Reintegration of Russia into the Global Economy
    Russia will be reintegrated into the global economy, with sanctions lifted on a case-by-case basis. A long-term US-Russia economic cooperation agreement will be pursued.
14. Frozen Russian Assets
    $100 billion in frozen Russian assets will be allocated for Ukraine’s reconstruction, with a portion of the profits going to the US. Additional European contributions will also be used for rebuilding.
15. Joint US-Russia Security Working Group
    A joint working group will be established to ensure compliance with all provisions of the peace agreement.
16. Russia’s Non-Aggression Law
    Russia will codify its commitment to non-aggression toward Ukraine and Europe into law.
17. Extension of Nuclear Treaties
    The US and Russia will agree to extend treaties on nuclear non-proliferation, including the START I Treaty.
18. Ukraine as a Non-Nuclear State
    Ukraine will commit to remaining a non-nuclear state in accordance with the Non-Proliferation Treaty.
19. Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant
    The Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant will operate under IAEA supervision, with its electricity shared equally between Russia and Ukraine.
20. Educational Programs for Tolerance
    Both countries will adopt educational initiatives aimed at fostering mutual understanding, promoting tolerance and eliminating racism.
21. Territorial Recognition
    Crimea, Luhansk and Donetsk will be recognized as de facto Russian, with the US acknowledging these territories as Russian. Kherson and Zaporizhzhia will remain frozen along the line of contact.
22. Non-Violent Territorial Changes
    Both Russia and Ukraine will agree to refrain from altering territorial arrangements by force.
23. Free Use of the Dnieper River
    Ukraine will not be prevented from using the Dnieper River for commercial activities, and grain transport across the Black Sea will be free.
24. Humanitarian Committee
    A committee will be established to resolve humanitarian issues, including the exchange of prisoners, the return of civilians and bodies and a family reunification program.
25. Elections in Ukraine
    Ukraine will hold elections within 100 days of the agreement’s signing.
26. Full Amnesty for War Actions
    All parties to the conflict will receive full amnesty for their actions during the war, with no future claims or complaints allowed.
27. Legally Binding Agreement
    The agreement will be legally binding, with violations subject to sanctions. It will be overseen by the Peace Council, headed by President Donald Trump.
28. Ceasefire Implementation
    A ceasefire will take effect immediately upon agreement, with both sides retreating to designated points to begin implementing the agreement.

This proposal, which has already sparked significant debate, aims to end the war by addressing key issues related to territorial control, security arrangements and economic cooperation. However, it also raises concerns about the long-term implications for Ukraine’s sovereignty, NATO relations and regional stability.